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''A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man'' is the first novel of Irish writer James Joyce. A Künstlerroman in a modernist style, it traces the religious and intellectual awakening of young Stephen Dedalus, a fictional alter ego of Joyce and an allusion to Daedalus, the consummate craftsman of Greek mythology. Stephen questions and rebels against the Catholic and Irish conventions under which he has grown, culminating in his self-exile from Ireland to Europe. The work uses techniques that Joyce developed more fully in ''Ulysses'' (1922) and ''Finnegans Wake'' (1939). ''A Portrait'' began life in 1903 as ''Stephen Hero''—a projected 63-chapter autobiographical novel in a realistic style. After 25 chapters, Joyce abandoned ''Stephen Hero'' in 1907 and set to reworking its themes and protagonist into a condensed five-chapter novel, dispensing with strict realism and making extensive use of free indirect speech that allows the reader to peer into Stephen's developing consciousness. American modernist poet Ezra Pound had the novel serialised in the English literary magazine ''The Egoist'' in 1914 and 1915, and published as a book in 1916 by B. W. Huebsch of New York. The publication of ''A Portrait'' and the short story collection ''Dubliners'' (1914) earned Joyce a place at the forefront of literary modernism. In 1998, the Modern Library named the novel third on its list of the 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century.〔 This ranking was by the (Modern Library Editorial Board ) of authors.〕 ==Background== Born into a middle-class family in Dublin, Ireland, James Joyce (1882–1941) excelled as a student, graduating from University College, Dublin, in 1902. He moved to Paris to study medicine, but soon gave it up. He returned to Ireland at his family's request as his mother was dying of cancer. Despite her pleas, the impious Joyce and his brother Stanislaus refused to make confession or take communion, and when she passed into a coma they refused to kneel and pray for her. James Joyce then took jobs teaching, singing and reviewing books, while drinking heavily. Joyce made his first attempt at a novel, ''Stephen Hero'', in early 1904. That June he met Nora Barnacle, with whom he eloped to Europe, first staying in Zürich before settling for ten years in Trieste (then in Austria-Hungary), where he taught English. There Nora gave birth to their children, George in 1905 and Lucia in 1907, and Joyce wrote fiction, signing some of his early essays and stories "Stephen ". The short stories he wrote made up the collection ''Dubliners'' (1914). He reworked the core themes of the novel ''Stephen Hero'' he had begun in Ireland in 1904 and abandoned in 1907 into ''A Portrait'', published in 1916, a year after he had moved back to Zürich in the midst of the First World War. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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